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\hypersetup{
  pdftitle={Five best practices for fMRI research: Towards a biologically grounded understanding of mental phenomena},
  pdfauthor={Colleen Mills-Finnerty},
  hidelinks,
  pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}

\title{Five best practices for fMRI research: Towards a biologically
grounded understanding of mental phenomena}
\author{Colleen Mills-Finnerty}
\date{true}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\hypertarget{abstract}{%
\section{\texorpdfstring{\textbf{Abstract}}{Abstract}}\label{abstract}}

The replication crisis in science has not spared functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) research. A range of issues including
insufficient control of false positives, code bugs, concern regarding
generalizability and replicability of findings, inadequate
characterization of physiological confounds, over-mining of repository
datasets, and the small sample sizes/low power of many early studies
have led to hearty debate in both the field and the press about the
usefulness and viability of fMRI. Others still see enormous potential
for fMRI in diagnosing conditions that do not otherwise lend themselves
to non-invasive biological measurement, from chronic pain to
neurological and psychiatric illness. How do we reconcile the
limitations of fMRI with the hype over its potential? Despite many
papers hailed by the press as the nail in the coffin for fMRI, from the
dead salmon incident of 2009 to cluster failure more recently, funders,
researchers, and the general public do not seem to have reduced their
appetite for pictures of brain maps, or gadgets with the word ``neuro''
in the name. Multiple blogs exist for the sole purpose of criticizing
such enterprise. The replicability crisis should certainly give
`neuroimagers' pause, and reason to soul-search. It is more important
than ever to clarify when fMRI is and when it is not useful. The method
remains the best noninvasive imaging tool for many research questions,
however imperfect and imprecise it may be. However, to address past
limitations, I argue neuroimaging researchers planning future studies
need to consider the following five factors: power/effect size, design
optimization, replicability, physiological confounds, and data sharing.

\textbf{Keywords: }\emph{fMRI, open science}

\includegraphics{https://assets.pubpub.org/sv89p5p8/image-21691157993909.png}

\includegraphics{https://assets.pubpub.org/pzrlppew/image-71691160815460.png}

\hypertarget{references}{%
\section{\texorpdfstring{\textbf{References}}{References}}\label{references}}

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